By: Livia Cherian Young adults often use credit cards because they are convenient and flexible, which can help them create favourable credit histories. However, using credit cards carelessly with money can pose risks. Overspending or excessive interest rates put many young Australians in a difficult financial position. It is crucial for young individuals to learn the pros and cons of credit cards so they can become responsible with their money and stay away from debt. One of

By: Livia Cherian Managing money is something many university students struggle with, especially when they are living more independently for the first time. When money is tight and there are a lot of bills to pay (such as rent, food and transportation), it’s simple to spend more than you earn. Anxiety and maybe even debt can result from this. One easy approach to keep tabs on your finances and make wiser choices is to create a budget. Creating a budget allows students to main

By: Pritha Pathak Many teenagers scroll through social media thinking it is all just entertainment. The truth is, influencer spending culture shapes how teens think about money, success, and self-worth. Some of these items such as the outfits, skincare collections, makeup, room makeovers, and “restock” videos may look normal online, but it often promotes constant spending as part of an everyday lifestyle. Media such as Tiktok and Instagram are filled with influencers showing

By: Pritha Pathak Most teenagers think investing is something which an adult or someone with a full-time job can do. The truth is, the earlier you start, the more powerful your money can be. Investing is not just for adults working on Wall Street or for your parents, but it is a tool which anyone, including teenagers, can learn about. When you invest early, the money you put in has more years to grow through compound interest, which means you do not have to work to earn more.

By: Arjun Paruchuri Abstract The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence has increased demand for financing far beyond what many firms can support through internal cash flow alone. As investment in data centers, semiconductor facilities, power connections, and related digital infrastructure accelerates, private credit has become an increasingly important source of capital. At the same time, public equity markets, especially in the United States, have become more concentrat

By: Arjun Paruchuri Abstract Nationalization of core industries has been one of the most important and controversial strategies used by governments seeking to accelerate development. In sectors such as energy, railways, steel, telecommunications, banking, and water, states have often taken ownership when private capital was too weak, too fragmented, or too unwilling to invest in long-term infrastructure. This paper examines how nationalization affects infrastructure developme

By: Aesha Chabbria AbstractFinancial technology (Fintech) promises to make wealth-building fairer in emerging markets, where many people lack access to traditional banking but own mobile phones. This paper explores how Fintech improves savings, credit access, and investment opportunities, and how these benefits depend heavily on the strength of institutions. Drawing on theories of savings behavior, credit constraints, investment barriers, and institutional quality, the paper

By: Aesha Chhabria IntroductionRisk is an unavoidable feature of every investment decision. The question isn’t whether risk exists, but rather how much of it an investor is willing to accept and how that risk can be managed. Understanding risk and the power of diversification is the foundation of building a good investment strategy. What is Investment Risk?In finance, risk refers to the probability that the actual return on an investment will differ from its expected return.

By: James Hong Demand elasticity is a key concept in economics that explains how consumers respond to changes in price. Specifically, price elasticity of demand measures how much the quantity demanded of a good changes when its price changes. Some goods experience large changes in demand when prices rise or fall, while others see very little change. These differences are described as elastic and inelastic demand, and they play an important role in pricing and business decisio

By: Shiv Mehta Many businesses fail not because the idea is bad, but because the system behind it wasn't built to scale. Early success often comes from hustle, like founders doing it all themselves, making quick decisions, and manually solving problems. The issue is that raw hustle doesn't scale, systems do. Businesses that grow sustainably focus early on repeatability. This means building processes that can be performed the same way no matter the customer count being 10 or 1

By: James Hong Introduction One big idea drives today's shopping world - where does strength lie, in online systems or huge stores? Amazon versus Walmart shows how two giants answer that differently. Each pulls in more than five hundred billion yearly, yet their paths diverge sharply. Looking at them between 2021 and 2023 reveals distinct patterns. Figures on money flow, workers, and output were pulled straight from official reports filed with U.S. regulators, from the Bureau

By: Shiv Mehta Introduction JPMorgan Chase and Goldman Sachs are two of the world’s largest banks, so when I began researching these financial giants, I wanted to answer a simple question: is it better to be the best at one thing, or to do many things well?  JPMorgan and Goldman Sachs provide the perfect comparison to explore this idea. Both institutions play a major role in global finance, yet they follow extremely different business strategies. Goldman Sachs focuses on serv

By: Chelsy Ovilla Music melodies, harmonies, and lyrics shape the world around us. Each note holds its own creative identity, making music one of the most expressive art forms globally. However, with thousands of songs released daily, even the most unique sound can easily go unnoticed. Social media introduces artists to the public, but the challenge is being remembered. This creates a question for emerging artists: would you rather be remembered for one viral moment, or becom

Introduction Traditional finance has long assumed that people make rational decisions about money. According to classical economic theory, people carefully weigh costs and benefits to choose the option that maximizes their wealth. Real humans rarely act this way. We overspend, panic-sell stocks, fall for scams, and make emotional choices. These real-world patterns gave rise to a more nuanced view: behavioral finance, a field that melds psychology and economics to explain why

It’s a blazing summer, and whether you're melting in New Jersey or sweating through Spain, one thing is becoming harder to ignore: climate change. While most people think about reusable bags or cutting down on plastic, there’s another powerful place where eco-conscious decisions can happen—your stock portfolio with ESG investing. But what exactly are ESG stocks? And are they really helping the planet, or just pretending to? What Are ESG Stocks? Let’s break it down: ESG stands

Research Question: How does cognitive load and chronic stress influence corporate financial decision-making, and what organizational strategies can mitigate these effects? Authors: Pranaya Sharma, Ellie Williams Table Of Contents: 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Literature Review  4. Methodology 5. Results 6. Discussions 7. Conclusion  8. Acknowledgements  9. References  Abstract  The quality and accuracy of corporate financial decisions along with organizational risk manageme

People often buy a shirt thinking that the only cost is the price on the tag. But did you know there are hidden costs behind every price of clothing we buy? The fast fashion industry may offer cheap clothes, but it comes with a high price for people, the environment, and our future. Today, many clothing shops no longer change their collections every season; instead, they change them every week. This cycle causes the overproduction of clothing, which would lead to too much har

What is Impulse Buying? Have you ever bought something without thinking and later regretted it? This is an example of an impulse behavior, and this habit is very difficult to stop. In today’s world of online shopping, flash sales, and endless advertisements, it’s easy to fall into the trap. Plus, there are still other factors like peer pressure and social media, which can cause emotional triggers like stress or boredom, and can push people to spend money they didn't plan to u

For many immigrant families, financial lessons are woven into daily life rather than learned in a classroom. These lessons emerge from necessity, resilience, and adaptation. The challenges of starting over in a new country (navigating unfamiliar banking systems, building credit from scratch, or simply stretching limited resources) create an environment where practical financial knowledge becomes indispensable. Children growing up in such households often absorb these lessons

Fast fashion has changed the way we shop. Trendy clothes appear quickly in stores at low prices, encouraging frequent purchases. However, the real cost of these items extends far beyond the price tag. Economically, fast fashion depends on high-volume production in countries with cheap labor. While this keeps prices low for shoppers, it also undercuts local industries in wealthier countries and often relies on labor conditions that would be unacceptable at home. The environmen